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L'expression'''Sud Global''' ''«est plus qu'une métaphore du sous-développement. Elle fait référence à toute une histoire de colonialisme, de néo-impérialisme et de changements économiques et sociaux différentiels qui ont permis de maintenir de grandes inégalités en termes de niveau de vie, d'espérance de vie et d'accès aux ressources.»'' -Dados and Connell (2012) <ref>Dados, Nour and Raewyn Connell. 2012. “The Global South.”<span> </span><em>Context</em><span> </span>11(1): 12-13.</ref> . | L'expression '''Sud Global''' ''«est plus qu'une métaphore du sous-développement. Elle fait référence à toute une histoire de colonialisme, de néo-impérialisme et de changements économiques et sociaux différentiels qui ont permis de maintenir de grandes inégalités en termes de niveau de vie, d'espérance de vie et d'accès aux ressources.»'' -Dados and Connell (2012) <ref>Dados, Nour and Raewyn Connell. 2012. “The Global South.”<span> </span><em>Context</em><span> </span>11(1): 12-13.</ref> . | ||
Notez qu'une alternative au terme « Sud Global » est [[MAPA]] (personnes et zones les plus affectées). Voir notre page de définitions sur les [[MAPA]] pour plus d'informations. | Notez qu'une alternative au terme « Sud Global » est [[MAPA]] (personnes et zones les plus affectées). Voir notre page de définitions sur les [[MAPA]] pour plus d'informations. | ||
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*European leaders have announced deals to increase gas production and exports with Egypt, Senegal, Angola and Republic of Congo. | *European leaders have announced deals to increase gas production and exports with Egypt, Senegal, Angola and Republic of Congo. | ||
*Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26. | *Oil and gas extraction and export undermines existing commitments to keep temperatures to 1.5°C and to phase out international finance for oil and gas, which was promised in Glasgow at COP26. | ||
*"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham<ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe | *"It also risks undermining African development, saddling countries with debts for export-oriented gas production for which there will be fewer and fewer customers as demand drops, leaving African people on the hook to cover the costs of these stranded assets." -Evelyn Acham<ref>https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe</ref> | ||
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| | |<p>'''Amara Possain on Armenia <ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy <sup class="reference"></sup>'''</ref></p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup>'''</p><p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"></sup>'''</p> | ||
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*"In Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan initially cut off Armenians’ gas supply and then their electricity. Throughout the harsh winter, Armenians could only sporadically access hot water thanks to solar water heaters. These renewable sources threaten the power of those who profit from wars and oil, thereby weakening the economic foundations of authoritarian regimes and reducing their incentives for military aggression." -Amara Possain<ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy | *"In Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan initially cut off Armenians’ gas supply and then their electricity. Throughout the harsh winter, Armenians could only sporadically access hot water thanks to solar water heaters. These renewable sources threaten the power of those who profit from wars and oil, thereby weakening the economic foundations of authoritarian regimes and reducing their incentives for military aggression." -Amara Possain<ref>https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy</ref> | ||
*Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup> | *Western nations wage wars to secure access to fossil fuels, targeting governments that nationalize oil companies. The Middle East, which holds over half of the world’s oil reserves, has been a point of conflicts driven by imperialism and greed. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"></sup> | ||
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|<p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems '''</ref></p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/ | |<p>'''Friends of the Congo <ref>https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems '''</ref></p>'''<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup> and Victoria Audu <ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/</ref> | ||
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*The Congo Basin sequesters more carbon than the Amazon or any other rainforest. | *The Congo Basin sequesters more carbon than the Amazon or any other rainforest. | ||
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*Mined minerals are often hazardous and exposure to some can have profound health effects. There is also a constant risk of falling into open mine shafts, being trapped, or injured by collapsing tunnels, or drowning while mining underwater. In a survey, World Vision also found that 19 per cent of miners have witnessed a child die at a mining site, 67 per cent reported frequent or persistent coughing, and several girls had genital infections after working waist-deep in acidic water. In addition, up to 2,000 people die from cobalt mining accidents in the DRC every year. Miners also face sexual assault and forced evictions." -Victoria Audu<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"></sup><br> | *Mined minerals are often hazardous and exposure to some can have profound health effects. There is also a constant risk of falling into open mine shafts, being trapped, or injured by collapsing tunnels, or drowning while mining underwater. In a survey, World Vision also found that 19 per cent of miners have witnessed a child die at a mining site, 67 per cent reported frequent or persistent coughing, and several girls had genital infections after working waist-deep in acidic water. In addition, up to 2,000 people die from cobalt mining accidents in the DRC every year. Miners also face sexual assault and forced evictions." -Victoria Audu<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"></sup><br> | ||
*The extraction of mineral resources requires cutting down trees and causes the contamination of water bodies. Fish are contaminated with high levels of cobalt. | *The extraction of mineral resources requires cutting down trees and causes the contamination of water bodies. Fish are contaminated with high levels of cobalt. | ||
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== We must do our 'fair share' to achieve climate justice == | == We must do our 'fair share' to achieve climate justice == |
Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 15:26
L'expression Sud Global «est plus qu'une métaphore du sous-développement. Elle fait référence à toute une histoire de colonialisme, de néo-impérialisme et de changements économiques et sociaux différentiels qui ont permis de maintenir de grandes inégalités en termes de niveau de vie, d'espérance de vie et d'accès aux ressources.» -Dados and Connell (2012) [1] .
Notez qu'une alternative au terme « Sud Global » est MAPA (personnes et zones les plus affectées). Voir notre page de définitions sur les MAPA pour plus d'informations.
Les connaissances partagées sur cette page viennent de:
1) Le webinaire « Fair Shares » organisé en collaboration par le HUB et Climate Emergency Unit tenu le 11 octobre.
Cet événement réunissait :
Anjali Appadurai (Elle): organisatrice pour la justice climatique et communicatrice. Elle a travaillé à la convention des Nations unies sur le climat pour veiller à ce que les revendications des mouvements sociaux soient entendues dans les lieux de pouvoir. Elle dirige le centre Padma pour la justice climatique, un projet qui rassemble les communautés diasporiques pour renforcer le pouvoir autour des questions de justice climatique et économique. Elle est directrice de campagne au Climate Emergency Unit. |
Meena Raman (Elle): Responsable des programmes du Third World Network (TWN), qui coordonne la programmation et soutient les négociations intergouvernementales sur le climat. Présidente des Amis de la Terre (FOE) de Malaisie et membre de FOE International. Conseillère juridique de l'Association des consommateurs de Penang. Elle a fondé le premier cabinet juridique d'intérêt public en Malaisie. |
Ceecee Holz (Iel): Personne chercheuse principale au Climate Equity Reference Project et chargée de la direction exécutive du Climate Equity Reference Project Canada. Personne affiliée à la recherche de l'Institut de l'environnement de Stockholm, iel donne un cours à l'université Carlton dans le cadre d'un master spécialisé dans le changement climatique. Ses études portent sur les politiques internationales et canadiennes en matière de changement climatique, et plus particulièrement sur le rôle de l'équité et de la justice en tant qu'éléments facilitateurs de l'action. Iel a été à la direction exécutive du Réseau Action Climat Canada. Iel participe depuis plus de dix ans aux activités de plaidoyer du Réseau Action Climat International dans le cadre des négociations des Nations unies sur le changement climatique. |
2) Ressources additionnelles compilées par Bryan Giroux et Kenzie Harris.
L'injustice dans les pays du Sud est une question de justice climatique
1) Émissions historiques et responsabilité : Les nations riches ont causé et perpétuent la crise climatique en exploitant les ressources, les terres et la main-d'œuvre des pays du sud. |
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2) Droit au développement humain |
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3) Des capacités et des moyens différents : Le Nord de la planète a causé de manière disproportionnée la crise du climat et de la dette, mais c'est le Sud de la planète qui en porte le plus lourd fardeau. |
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Exemples autour du monde
Meena Raman en Malaisie |
(Paraphrasé)
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Abeer Butmeh en Palestine [9] |
L'occupation et l'apartheid israéliens, qui privent les personnes palestiniennes du droit de gérer leurs terres et leurs ressources, les rendent plus vulnérables aux événements liés au climat.
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Evelyn Acham en Ouganda sur le « Dash for Gas » [10]
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Amara Possain on Armenia [12]
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Friends of the Congo [14] and Victoria Audu [15] |
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What does 'fair share' mean? |
Anjali Appadurai explains:
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How we divide fairly depends on... |
1) Historical emissions and responsibility (considering inequities created by colonialism, enslavement) 2) Right to human development (bring people out of poverty, get people educated, safe and health) 3) Differing capabilities and capacities (based on who benefited from colonialism, enslavement) |
Why do our fair share? |
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What is Canada's fair share? |
How do we reduce more than 100%?
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Anjali Appadurai shared that our role is to:
- Expose the pretence, duplicity and hypocrisy of policymakers who undermine fairness
- Push governments for transparency and courage on meeting climate obligations
- Show our governments that climate finance and fossil fuel phase out are important to us and we will vote accordingly
To stay connected to work on fighting for fair shares in Canada, visit: https://www.climateemergencyunit.ca/fairshares
If you have any suggested revisions or additional resources to share related to the above content, please email them to kenzie@lehub.ca.
- ↑ Dados, Nour and Raewyn Connell. 2012. “The Global South.” Context 11(1): 12-13.
- ↑ Estermann, J. (2014). Colonialidad, descolonización e interculturalidad. Polis Revista Latinoamericana, 38. http://journals.openedition.org/polis/10164
- ↑ Migration to Asia Peace. (2022, September 23). 2022 Statement for Climate Justice by the Global South. https://mapcast.org/2022-statement-for-climate-justice-by-the-global-south/?ckattempt=2
- ↑ Riaz, A. (2021, September 29). Views from the Global South: How to decolonise the climate crisis. Euronews Green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/09/29/views-from-the-global-south-how-to-decolonise-the-climate-crisis
- ↑ Gonzalez, C. (2015). Environmental Justice, Human Rights, and the Global South. SANTA CLARA J. INT’L L. 13, pp. 151–195. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1631&context=faculty
- ↑ Estermann, J. (2014). Colonialidad, descolonización e interculturalidad. Polis Revista Latinoamericana, 38. http://journals.openedition.org/polis/10164
- ↑ Migration to Asia Peace. (2022, September 23). 2022 Statement for Climate Justice by the Global South. https://mapcast.org/2022-statement-for-climate-justice-by-the-global-south/?ckattempt=2
- ↑ Rice, J. (2009). North-south relations and the ecological debt: Asserting a counter-hegemonic discourse. Critical Sociology, 35(2), 225–252.
- ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/28/palestine-is-a-climate-justice-issue
- ↑ https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe
- ↑ https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/02/dash-for-gas-europes-cost-of-living-crisis-shouldnt-cause-an-environmental-disaster-in-afr#:~:text=By%20Evelyn%20Acham&text=Europe's%20response%20to%20the%20energy,in%20both%20Africa%20and%20Europe
- ↑ https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy
- ↑ https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/11/14/opinion/true-peace-and-justice-possible-if-world-transitions-clean-energy
- ↑ https://friendsofthecongo.org/climate-change/#:~:text=For%20centuries%20now%2C%20Congo%20has%20endured%20environmental%20racism.&text=With%20the%20recent%20discovery%20of,the%20oppressive%20and%20extractive%20systems
- ↑ https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2023/congo-cobalt-genocide/