Leonardleclerc : A protégé « Système judiciaire (pouvoir judiciaire) » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))

2024-01-10T21:14:56Z

A protégé « Système judiciaire (pouvoir judiciaire) » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))

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Leonardleclerc : /* Comment le système judiciaire soutient l'injustice climatique */

2024-01-10T21:14:19Z

Comment le système judiciaire soutient l'injustice climatique

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	*La Convention relative au statut des réfugiés comporte deux exigences fondamentales : la première est la « crainte fondée d'être persécuté » et la seconde est que les motifs de persécution se limitent à « la race, la religion, la nationalité, l'appartenance à un certain groupe social ou les opinions politiques ». Ces exigences bien définies ont rendu impossible l'application de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés aux personnes réfugiées climatiques. <ref>Williams, A. (2008). Turning the tide: Recognizing climate change refugees in international law. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2008. 00290.x</ref>		*La Convention relative au statut des réfugiés comporte deux exigences fondamentales : la première est la « crainte fondée d'être persécuté » et la seconde est que les motifs de persécution se limitent à « la race, la religion, la nationalité, l'appartenance à un certain groupe social ou les opinions politiques ». Ces exigences bien définies ont rendu impossible l'application de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés aux personnes réfugiées climatiques. <ref>Williams, A. (2008). Turning the tide: Recognizing climate change refugees in international law. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2008. 00290.x</ref>
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	\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \| '''~~Uneasiness of judges to taken on climate cases~~'''		\| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" \| '''Réticence des juges face aux affaires climatiques'''
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	*Alors que de plus en plus d'affaires sont portées devant les tribunaux pour des motifs liés au climat, les juges ont tendance à refuser de prendre en charge des affaires liées au climat. <span style="font-size: 14.4px;">Ces cas sont généralement justifiés par le même argument, à savoir que les politiques relatives au changement climatique </span>sont du ressort de la classe politique et des personnes au pouvoir, pas des juges. <ref>Kuh, K. F. (2019). The Legitimacy of Judicial Climate Engagement. Pace University, School of Law Faculty Publications. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2150& context=lawfaculty</ref>		*Alors que de plus en plus d'affaires sont portées devant les tribunaux pour des motifs liés au climat, les juges ont tendance à refuser de prendre en charge des affaires liées au climat. <span style="font-size: 14.4px;">Ces cas sont généralement justifiés par le même argument, à savoir que les politiques relatives au changement climatique </span>sont du ressort de la classe politique et des personnes au pouvoir, pas des juges. <ref>Kuh, K. F. (2019). The Legitimacy of Judicial Climate Engagement. Pace University, School of Law Faculty Publications. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2150& context=lawfaculty</ref>

Leonardleclerc le 10 janvier 2024 à 21:13

2024-01-10T21:13:47Z

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Leonardleclerc : Page créée avec « The judicial system (or judiciary) refers to a branch of government whose task is the authoritative adjudication of controversies over the application of laws in specific situations.-Britannica https://www.britannica.com/topic/judiciary == How the judicial system upholds climate injustice == {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 46px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" |- style="height: 23px;" |... »

2024-01-10T20:47:18Z

Page créée avec « The judicial system (or judiciary) refers to a branch of government whose task is the authoritative adjudication of controversies over the application of laws in specific situations.-Britannica <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/judiciary</ref> == How the judicial system upholds climate injustice == {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 46px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" |- style="height: 23px;" |... »

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The judicial system (or judiciary) refers to a branch of government whose task is the authoritative adjudication of controversies over the application of laws in specific situations.-Britannica <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/judiciary</ref>

== How the judicial system upholds climate injustice ==
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'''Funding and protecting the oil and gas industry while jailing protesters'''
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*In addition to funding the industry, the government protects it with injunctions, which are court orders preventing protesters from interfering with, and often going near, work sites. These work sites are typically pipelines, company headquarters, or tree logging sites. When an injunction is breached, fines and jail time may be given out. The right to protest and conduct picket activities is protected by the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly; court ordered injunctions go against this right. <ref>Stop TMX. (2022). Protests & arrests. https://www.stoptmx.ca/protests- arrests/</ref>
*The TMX pipeline injunction, financed by the Trudeau government, had led to 48 arrests for breaching the injunction line as of February 8th, 2022 <ref>Gamage, M. (2022). Meet the protesters going to jail to fight climate change. The Tyee. Retrieved from https://thetyee.ca/News/2022/04/27/Meet-Protesters-Fighting-Climate-Change/</ref>
*The injunction granted to Coastal GasLink to build a pipeline through Wet’suwet’en territory without the consent of the hereditary chiefs led to the arrests of 74 people and enforcement costs of over 13 million for the period of January 2019 - March 2020 <ref>Stop TMX. (2022). Protests & arrests. https://www.stoptmx.ca/protests- arrests/</ref>
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'''Climate refugees’ legal status'''
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*Current estimates suggest that 50 to 200 million people will be displaced due to the direct impacts of climate change. These displaced people are sometimes called “climate refugees”, but they do not meet the refugee convention requirements. <ref>Williams, A. (2008). Turning the tide: Recognizing climate change refugees in international law. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2008. 00290.x</ref>
*The refugee convention has two core requirements; the first is a “well-founded fear of being persecuted” and the second is that the reasons for persecution are limited to “race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.” These well defined requirements have made it impossible to use to attribute the refugee convention to climate refugees. <ref>Williams, A. (2008). Turning the tide: Recognizing climate change refugees in international law. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2008. 00290.x</ref>
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| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" | '''Uneasiness of judges to taken on climate cases'''
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*As more court cases are brought involving climate-related claims, there is a trend for judges to refuse to take on these cases, typically stating the same argument for their refusal; climate change policies are the jurisdiction of the politicians and policy makers, not judges. <ref>Kuh, K. F. (2019). The Legitimacy of Judicial Climate Engagement. Pace University, School of Law Faculty Publications. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2150& context=lawfaculty</ref>
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== Using the judicial system for climate justice ==
{| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 46px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
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'''Litigation cases against governments to hold them accountable for climate'''
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*For example, a group of youth went after the Ontario government. <ref>https://theconversation.com/court-decision-in-youth-climate-lawsuit-against-ontario-government-ignites-hope-206275</ref>
*A litigation case against the government of Montana was successful. <ref>https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1194710955/montana-youth-climate-ruling-could-set-precedent-for-future-climate-litigation</ref>
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| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" | '''Litigation against corporate actors'''
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*For example, groups have gone after Shell for failing to move away from funding fossil fuels fast enough. <ref>https://www.clientearth.org/latest/latest-updates/news/we-re-taking-legal-action-against-shell-s-board-for-mismanaging-climate-risk/</ref>
|-
| style="width: 19.6976%; background-color: rgb(153, 225, 217);" | '''Litigation for greenwashing or misleading green promises'''
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*6 individuals are going after RBC for their misleading advertising on climate action. <ref>https://ecojustice.ca/news/canadas-competition-bureau-opens-investigation-into-rbcs-alleged-misleading-advertising-on-climate-action/</ref>
|- style="height: 23px;"
| style="width: 19.6976%; height: 23px; background-color: #99e1d9;" |
'''Rights of Nation (RoN) cases for environmental protection <ref>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/6014527b90b10920133c710b/t/626aa1cb534e5c386d985dae/1651155404253/KOW+Personhood+Report+-+Jan+2022.pdf</ref> '''
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*In New Zealand (2017), the Whanganui River was recognized as a “legal entity” as part of a negotiated settlement between the government and the Māori people (Kestler-D-Amours, 2021)
*In 2017, a court in India ruled that the Ganges and Yamuna rivers should be granted the same legal rights as people.
*In 2016, Colombia’s Constitutional Court declared that the Atrato River in the country’s northwest had a “subject of rights.”
*In 2008, Ecuador adopted a new constitution which included a similar concept of rights for nature protecting the Vilcabamba River.
|}

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Leonardleclerc : A protégé « Système judiciaire (pouvoir judiciaire) » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))

Leonardleclerc : /* Comment le système judiciaire soutient l'injustice climatique */

Leonardleclerc le 10 janvier 2024 à 21:13

Leonardleclerc : A protégé « Système judiciaire (pouvoir judiciaire) » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))

Leonardleclerc : /* Comment le système judiciaire soutient l'injustice climatique */