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	<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire</id>
	<title>Souveraineté alimentaire - Historique des versions</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-16T02:47:12Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7167&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki le 7 janvier 2024 à 14:15</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7167&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T14:15:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 14:15&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Ligne 18 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 18 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Au cours des derniers siècles, les systèmes alimentaires traditionnels des autochtones ont été presque effacés par les politiques gouvernementales. Les gouvernements canadien et américain ont par exemple mis en place des projets visant à assimiler et à perturber leurs modes de vie traditionnels.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  En outre, le changement climatique a des répercussions sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Le déclin de la glace de mer dans l&amp;#039;Arctique et l&amp;#039;évolution des populations végétales et animales font partie de ces impacts. C&amp;#039;est pourquoi les communautés autochtones croient en des projets de souveraineté alimentaire dont l&amp;#039;objectif est de renforcer les communautés et de respecter l&amp;#039;environnement. La nourriture est considérée comme un facteur social et non comme une simple source d&amp;#039;argent.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Au cours des derniers siècles, les systèmes alimentaires traditionnels des autochtones ont été presque effacés par les politiques gouvernementales. Les gouvernements canadien et américain ont par exemple mis en place des projets visant à assimiler et à perturber leurs modes de vie traditionnels.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  En outre, le changement climatique a des répercussions sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Le déclin de la glace de mer dans l&amp;#039;Arctique et l&amp;#039;évolution des populations végétales et animales font partie de ces impacts. C&amp;#039;est pourquoi les communautés autochtones croient en des projets de souveraineté alimentaire dont l&amp;#039;objectif est de renforcer les communautés et de respecter l&amp;#039;environnement. La nourriture est considérée comme un facteur social et non comme une simple source d&amp;#039;argent.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7166&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki le 7 janvier 2024 à 14:15</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7166&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T14:15:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 14:15&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Ligne 1 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 1 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Le texte suivant est extrait d&amp;#039;un résumé d&amp;#039;une analyse documentaire sur la souveraineté alimentaire réalisée par &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marie-Camille Théorêt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Vous pouvez lire l&amp;#039;intégralité de cette revue de littérature [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true ICI].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Le texte suivant est extrait d&amp;#039;un résumé d&amp;#039;une analyse documentaire sur la souveraineté alimentaire réalisée par &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marie-Camille Théorêt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Vous pouvez lire l&amp;#039;intégralité de cette revue de littérature [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true ICI].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Ligne 8 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 6 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Les concepts d&#039; « agroécologie » et de « démocratie alimentaire » s&#039;inscrivent dans le cadre de la souveraineté alimentaire. L&#039;agroécologie consiste à pratiquer l&#039;agriculture en harmonie avec l&#039;environnement et la communauté.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nfu.ca/campaigns/agroecology/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  La démocratie alimentaire fait référence à l&#039;inclusion de la participation publique et locale dans les projets de souveraineté alimentaire. Un exemple de démocratie alimentaire est la façon dont les personnes agissant dans le mouvement utilisent des catégories (par exemple les peuples indigènes, le milieu de la pêche, les femmes) et des quotas pour assurer la diversité dans les conversations et les débats.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Parce que la souveraineté alimentaire comprend aujourd&#039;hui un grand nombre d&#039;intersections, elle mélange parfois les expériences pour unir les forces. Des questions spécifiques, telles que les questions liées au genre, sont parfois oubliées dans le mouvement et la manière dont il est défini.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fradejas, A., Borras, S. M., Holmes, T., Holt-Giménez Eric, &amp;amp;amp; Robbins, M. J. (2015). Food sovereignty: convergence and contradictions, conditions and challenges.&amp;amp;nbsp;Third World Quarterly,&amp;amp;nbsp;36(3), 431–448. From https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.ubishops.ca:2443/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1023567&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Les concepts d&#039; « agroécologie » et de « démocratie alimentaire » s&#039;inscrivent dans le cadre de la souveraineté alimentaire. L&#039;agroécologie consiste à pratiquer l&#039;agriculture en harmonie avec l&#039;environnement et la communauté.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nfu.ca/campaigns/agroecology/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  La démocratie alimentaire fait référence à l&#039;inclusion de la participation publique et locale dans les projets de souveraineté alimentaire. Un exemple de démocratie alimentaire est la façon dont les personnes agissant dans le mouvement utilisent des catégories (par exemple les peuples indigènes, le milieu de la pêche, les femmes) et des quotas pour assurer la diversité dans les conversations et les débats.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Parce que la souveraineté alimentaire comprend aujourd&#039;hui un grand nombre d&#039;intersections, elle mélange parfois les expériences pour unir les forces. Des questions spécifiques, telles que les questions liées au genre, sont parfois oubliées dans le mouvement et la manière dont il est défini.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fradejas, A., Borras, S. M., Holmes, T., Holt-Giménez Eric, &amp;amp;amp; Robbins, M. J. (2015). Food sovereignty: convergence and contradictions, conditions and challenges.&amp;amp;nbsp;Third World Quarterly,&amp;amp;nbsp;36(3), 431–448. From https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.ubishops.ca:2443/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1023567&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origine et état actuel ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origine et état actuel ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;La souveraineté alimentaire est née dans les années 1990 du mouvement agraire international appelé La Via Campesina (LVC). Elle est apparue en réaction aux impacts négatifs du système agricole mondial, tels que la pauvreté rurale, la faim, les déplacements et les dommages causés à l&#039;environnement. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  L&#039;agriculture mondiale est façonnée par le « néolibéralisme ». Le système économique du néolibéralisme se réfère à un faible contrôle gouvernemental sur les industries (comme l&#039;agriculture), aux réductions d&#039;impôts, à la réduction des dépenses publiques et à l&#039;inclusion dans le système international. Il en résulte que les personnes travaillant en agriculteurs ou qui consomment les produits ont moins d&#039;options sur ce qui est produit et sur la manière dont cela est produit.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;La souveraineté alimentaire est née dans les années 1990 du mouvement agraire international appelé La Via Campesina (LVC). Elle est apparue en réaction aux impacts négatifs du système agricole mondial, tels que la pauvreté rurale, la faim, les déplacements et les dommages causés à l&#039;environnement. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  L&#039;agriculture mondiale est façonnée par le « néolibéralisme ». Le système économique du néolibéralisme se réfère à un faible contrôle gouvernemental sur les industries (comme l&#039;agriculture), aux réductions d&#039;impôts, à la réduction des dépenses publiques et à l&#039;inclusion dans le système international. Il en résulte que les personnes travaillant en agriculteurs ou qui consomment les produits ont moins d&#039;options sur ce qui est produit et sur la manière dont cela est produit.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;À l&#039;origine, la souveraineté alimentaire s&#039;opposait aux pouvoirs nationaux en raison de leur alliance avec le système alimentaire mondial. Or, les gouvernements exercent un contrôle important sur les réglementations agricoles. Il convient donc d&#039;analyser leur rôle dans la souveraineté alimentaire. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clark, P. (2016). Can the state foster food sovereignty? Insights from the case of Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 16(2).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  L&#039;agriculture actuelle, sous l&#039;égide du néolibéralisme, nuit à l&#039;environnement et est à l&#039;origine d&#039;environ un tiers des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre. Elle favorise un modèle de monoculture qui entraîne une perte de biodiversité. En d&#039;autres termes, le système alimentaire actuel se concentre sur quelques cultures au lieu d&#039;utiliser toute la diversité alimentaire de la planète. Les effets négatifs du système alimentaire mondial ont tendance à toucher plus directement les pays les plus durement touchés par les injustices et la crise climatique.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Climate False Solutions. (2021). Hoodwinked in the hothouse: Resist false solutions to climate change. https://moodle.ubishops.ca/pluginfile.php/285048/mod_resource/content/1/HOODWINKED_ThirdEdition_On-Screen_version.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  De plus, l&#039;agriculture actuelle ajoute à l&#039;exploitation déjà existante. Beaucoup d&#039;ouvriers agricoles travaillent dans des conditions difficiles et la terre qu&#039;ils utilisent est fatiguée. C&#039;est ce mélange de mauvaises conditions de travail et d&#039;exploitation des terres qui est à l&#039;origine du mouvement pour la souveraineté alimentaire.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eliason, A. (2021, December 21). Building local food pathways: Fodd sovereignty and climate justice Law &amp;amp;amp; Political Economy. https://lpeproject.org/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;À l&#039;origine, la souveraineté alimentaire s&#039;opposait aux pouvoirs nationaux en raison de leur alliance avec le système alimentaire mondial. Or, les gouvernements exercent un contrôle important sur les réglementations agricoles. Il convient donc d&#039;analyser leur rôle dans la souveraineté alimentaire. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clark, P. (2016). Can the state foster food sovereignty? Insights from the case of Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 16(2).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  L&#039;agriculture actuelle, sous l&#039;égide du néolibéralisme, nuit à l&#039;environnement et est à l&#039;origine d&#039;environ un tiers des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre. Elle favorise un modèle de monoculture qui entraîne une perte de biodiversité. En d&#039;autres termes, le système alimentaire actuel se concentre sur quelques cultures au lieu d&#039;utiliser toute la diversité alimentaire de la planète. Les effets négatifs du système alimentaire mondial ont tendance à toucher plus directement les pays les plus durement touchés par les injustices et la crise climatique.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Climate False Solutions. (2021). Hoodwinked in the hothouse: Resist false solutions to climate change. https://moodle.ubishops.ca/pluginfile.php/285048/mod_resource/content/1/HOODWINKED_ThirdEdition_On-Screen_version.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  De plus, l&#039;agriculture actuelle ajoute à l&#039;exploitation déjà existante. Beaucoup d&#039;ouvriers agricoles travaillent dans des conditions difficiles et la terre qu&#039;ils utilisent est fatiguée. C&#039;est ce mélange de mauvaises conditions de travail et d&#039;exploitation des terres qui est à l&#039;origine du mouvement pour la souveraineté alimentaire.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eliason, A. (2021, December 21). Building local food pathways: Fodd sovereignty and climate justice Law &amp;amp;amp; Political Economy. https://lpeproject.org/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Au cours des derniers siècles, les systèmes alimentaires traditionnels des autochtones ont été presque effacés par les politiques gouvernementales. Les gouvernements canadien et américain ont par exemple mis en place des projets visant à assimiler et à perturber leurs modes de vie traditionnels. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  En outre, le changement climatique a des répercussions sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Le déclin de la glace de mer dans l&#039;Arctique et l&#039;évolution des populations végétales et animales font partie de ces impacts. C&#039;est pourquoi les communautés autochtones croient en des projets de souveraineté alimentaire dont l&#039;objectif est de renforcer les communautés et de respecter l&#039;environnement. La nourriture est considérée comme un facteur social et non comme une simple source d&#039;argent. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Au cours des derniers siècles, les systèmes alimentaires traditionnels des autochtones ont été presque effacés par les politiques gouvernementales. Les gouvernements canadien et américain ont par exemple mis en place des projets visant à assimiler et à perturber leurs modes de vie traditionnels. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  En outre, le changement climatique a des répercussions sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Le déclin de la glace de mer dans l&#039;Arctique et l&#039;évolution des populations végétales et animales font partie de ces impacts. C&#039;est pourquoi les communautés autochtones croient en des projets de souveraineté alimentaire dont l&#039;objectif est de renforcer les communautés et de respecter l&#039;environnement. La nourriture est considérée comme un facteur social et non comme une simple source d&#039;argent. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7165&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : /* Origine et état actuel */</title>
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		<updated>2024-01-07T14:14:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Origine et état actuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l14&quot;&gt;Ligne 14 :&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origine et état actuel ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origine et état actuel ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the &lt;/del&gt;international &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;agrarian movement called &lt;/del&gt;La Via Campesina (LVC). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;It emerged in reaction to the negative &lt;/del&gt;impacts &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hunger&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;displacement&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and damage to the environment&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Global &lt;/del&gt;agriculture &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is shaped by “neoliberalism”&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on &lt;/del&gt;industries (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;like &lt;/del&gt;agriculture), &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tax cuts&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reduction of public spending and &lt;/del&gt;inclusion &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in the &lt;/del&gt;international &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;system&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer &lt;/del&gt;options &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;over what is produced, how it produced&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La souveraineté alimentaire est née dans les années 1990 du mouvement agraire &lt;/ins&gt;international &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;appelé &lt;/ins&gt;La Via Campesina (LVC). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Elle est apparue en réaction aux &lt;/ins&gt;impacts &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;négatifs du système agricole mondial&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tels que la pauvreté rurale&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la faim&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les déplacements et les dommages causés à l&#039;environnement&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;agriculture &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mondiale est façonnée par le « néolibéralisme »&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le système économique du néolibéralisme se réfère à un faible contrôle gouvernemental sur les &lt;/ins&gt;industries (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;comme l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;agriculture), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aux réductions d&#039;impôts&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;à la réduction des dépenses publiques et à l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;inclusion &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dans le système &lt;/ins&gt;international. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il en résulte que les personnes travaillant en agriculteurs ou qui consomment les produits ont moins d&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;options &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sur ce qui est produit et sur la manière dont cela est produit&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Originally&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;food sovereignty was in opposition to national powers because of their &lt;/del&gt;alliance &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with the global food system&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Yet&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;governments have a lot of control over agricultural regulations&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;So, their role in food sovereignty should be analyzed&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clark, P. (2016). Can the state foster food sovereignty? Insights from the case of Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 16(2).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Current &lt;/del&gt;agriculture &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;under neoliberalism damages the environment and creates about 1/3 of global greenhouse emissions&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;It pushes for a &lt;/del&gt;monoculture&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-farming model that results in a loss of biodiversity&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In other words&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the current food system only centers around a few crops instead of using all of the food diversity on this planet&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The negative impacts of the global food system tend to impact more directly countries hit the hardest by &lt;/del&gt;injustices &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and the climate crisis&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Climate False Solutions. (2021). Hoodwinked in the hothouse: Resist false solutions to climate change. https://moodle.ubishops.ca/pluginfile.php/285048/mod_resource/content/1/HOODWINKED_ThirdEdition_On-Screen_version.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Also&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;current &lt;/del&gt;agriculture &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adds to the already-existing &lt;/del&gt;exploitation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A lot of farm workers are working in difficult &lt;/del&gt;conditions&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, and the land they are using is tired&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;It is this mix of bad working &lt;/del&gt;conditions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and abuse of lands that drives the food sovereignty movement&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eliason, A. (2021, December 21). Building local food pathways: Fodd sovereignty and climate justice Law &amp;amp;amp; Political Economy. https://lpeproject.org/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;À l&#039;origine&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la souveraineté alimentaire s&#039;opposait aux pouvoirs nationaux en raison de leur &lt;/ins&gt;alliance &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avec le système alimentaire mondial&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Or&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les gouvernements exercent un contrôle important sur les réglementations agricoles&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il convient donc d&#039;analyser leur rôle dans la souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clark, P. (2016). Can the state foster food sovereignty? Insights from the case of Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 16(2).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;agriculture &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;actuelle, sous l&#039;égide du néolibéralisme, nuit à l&#039;environnement et est à l&#039;origine d&#039;environ un tiers des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Elle favorise un modèle de &lt;/ins&gt;monoculture &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui entraîne une perte de biodiversité&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En d&#039;autres termes&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le système alimentaire actuel se concentre sur quelques cultures au lieu d&#039;utiliser toute la diversité alimentaire de la planète&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les effets négatifs du système alimentaire mondial ont tendance à toucher plus directement les pays les plus durement touchés par les &lt;/ins&gt;injustices &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et la crise climatique&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Climate False Solutions. (2021). Hoodwinked in the hothouse: Resist false solutions to climate change. https://moodle.ubishops.ca/pluginfile.php/285048/mod_resource/content/1/HOODWINKED_ThirdEdition_On-Screen_version.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;De plus&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;agriculture &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;actuelle ajoute à l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;exploitation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;déjà existante&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Beaucoup d&#039;ouvriers agricoles travaillent dans des &lt;/ins&gt;conditions &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;difficiles et la terre qu&#039;ils utilisent est fatiguée&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C&#039;est ce mélange de mauvaises &lt;/ins&gt;conditions &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de travail et d&#039;exploitation des terres qui est à l&#039;origine du mouvement pour la souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eliason, A. (2021, December 21). Building local food pathways: Fodd sovereignty and climate justice Law &amp;amp;amp; Political Economy. https://lpeproject.org/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Over the past centuries&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Indigenous traditional food systems have been almost erased through government policies&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;An example of this is how the Canadian and American governments put in &lt;/del&gt;place &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;projects to assimilate and disrupt their traditional ways of life&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;On top of this&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;climate change impacts Indigenous food systems&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The decline of sea ice in the Arctic and the change in plant and animal &lt;/del&gt;populations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are part of these &lt;/del&gt;impacts. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;So, Indigenous communities believe in food sovereignty projects that have the goal of building stronger communities and are respectful of the environment&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Food is seen as a &lt;/del&gt;social &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;factor instead of only a &lt;/del&gt;source &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of money&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Au cours des derniers siècles&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les systèmes alimentaires traditionnels des autochtones ont été presque effacés par les politiques gouvernementales&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les gouvernements canadien et américain ont par exemple mis en &lt;/ins&gt;place &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des projets visant à assimiler et à perturber leurs modes de vie traditionnels&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En outre&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le changement climatique a des répercussions sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le déclin de la glace de mer dans l&#039;Arctique et l&#039;évolution des &lt;/ins&gt;populations &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;végétales et animales font partie de ces &lt;/ins&gt;impacts. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C&#039;est pourquoi les communautés autochtones croient en des projets de souveraineté alimentaire dont l&#039;objectif est de renforcer les communautés et de respecter l&#039;environnement&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La nourriture est considérée comme un facteur &lt;/ins&gt;social &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et non comme une simple &lt;/ins&gt;source &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d&#039;argent&lt;/ins&gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7164&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : A protégé « Souveraineté alimentaire » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7164&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T14:09:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;A protégé « &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php/Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&quot; title=&quot;Souveraineté alimentaire&quot;&gt;Souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/a&gt; » ([Modifier = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini) [Renommer = Autoriser uniquement les administrateurs] (infini))&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 14:09&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(Aucune différence)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7163&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : /* Origine et état actuel */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7163&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T02:10:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Origine et état actuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 02:10&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l24&quot;&gt;Ligne 24 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 24 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{Conclusion}}&amp;lt;figure class=&amp;quot;mw-halign-center&amp;quot; typeof=&amp;quot;mw:File/Frameless&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{Conclusion}}&amp;lt;figure class=&amp;quot;mw-halign-center&amp;quot; typeof=&amp;quot;mw:File/Frameless&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&gt;&amp;lt;/figure&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7162&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : /* Origin and current status */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7162&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T02:10:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Origin and current status&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 02:10&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Ligne 13 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 13 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Origin and current status &lt;/del&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Origine et état actuel &lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the international agrarian movement called La Via Campesina (LVC). It emerged in reaction to the negative impacts of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty, hunger, displacement, and damage to the environment.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Global agriculture is shaped by “neoliberalism”. The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on industries (like agriculture), tax cuts, reduction of public spending and inclusion in the international system. A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer options over what is produced, how it produced.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the international agrarian movement called La Via Campesina (LVC). It emerged in reaction to the negative impacts of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty, hunger, displacement, and damage to the environment.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Global agriculture is shaped by “neoliberalism”. The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on industries (like agriculture), tax cuts, reduction of public spending and inclusion in the international system. A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer options over what is produced, how it produced.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l23&quot;&gt;Ligne 23 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 23 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;figure class=&quot;mw-halign-center&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:File/Frameless&quot;&amp;gt;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ]&amp;lt;figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/figure&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&amp;gt;Ce contenu est mis à disposition selon les termes de la [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Conclusion}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7161&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : /* Qu&#039;est-ce que la souveraineté alimentaire? */</title>
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		<updated>2024-01-07T02:09:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Qu&amp;#039;est-ce que la souveraineté alimentaire?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 02:09&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Ligne 5 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 5 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Qu&amp;#039;est-ce que la souveraineté alimentaire? ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Qu&amp;#039;est-ce que la souveraineté alimentaire? ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the &lt;/del&gt;2007 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nyéléni Declaration produced by &lt;/del&gt;La Via Campesina. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This definition focuses on the rights of farmers&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consumers and local communities to determine their food systems and control the resources needed to produce &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;like land&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;water and seeds&lt;/del&gt;).  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;Nyéléni &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Declaration was based on 6 pillars&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;valuing food providers&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;localizing food systems&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;making decisions locally&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;building knowledge and skills&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;working with &lt;/del&gt;nature. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Then&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Indigenous peoples added a seventh pillar, which is that food is sacred&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La définition de base acceptée se trouve dans la déclaration de Nyéléni de &lt;/ins&gt;2007 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;produite par &lt;/ins&gt;La Via Campesina. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette définition se concentre sur les droits des personnes agricultrices&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consommatrices et des communautés locales à déterminer leurs systèmes alimentaires et à contrôler les ressources nécessaires à la production &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;comme la terre&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;eau et les semences&lt;/ins&gt;).  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La déclaration de &lt;/ins&gt;Nyéléni &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;repose sur six piliers &lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;valoriser les personnes fournissant les aliments &lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;localiser les systèmes alimentaires &lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;prendre des décisions au niveau local &lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;renforcer les connaissances et les compétences &lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;travailler avec la &lt;/ins&gt;nature. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les peuples autochtones ont ensuite ajouté un septième pilier&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;à savoir que la nourriture est sacrée&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Within food sovereignty are the &lt;/del&gt;concepts &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of “agroecology” and “food democracy”&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Agroecology means practicing &lt;/del&gt;agriculture &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in harmony with the environment and the community&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nfu.ca/campaigns/agroecology/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Food democracy refers to the &lt;/del&gt;inclusion &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of public and local &lt;/del&gt;participation &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in food sovereignty projects&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;An example of food democracy is how actors of the movement use categories &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e.g. Indigenous people&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fishers&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;women&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;quotas &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to ensure diversity in the &lt;/del&gt;conversations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and debates&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; Because food sovereignty now includes a high number of &lt;/del&gt;intersections, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;it sometimes mixes experiences together to join &lt;/del&gt;forces. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Specific issues&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such as issues related to gender&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are sometimes forgotten in the movement and how it&#039;s defined&lt;/del&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fradejas, A., Borras, S. M., Holmes, T., Holt-Giménez Eric, &amp;amp;amp; Robbins, M. J. (2015). Food sovereignty: convergence and contradictions, conditions and challenges.&amp;amp;nbsp;Third World Quarterly,&amp;amp;nbsp;36(3), 431–448. From https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.ubishops.ca:2443/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1023567&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les &lt;/ins&gt;concepts &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d&#039; « agroécologie » et de « démocratie alimentaire » s&#039;inscrivent dans le cadre de la souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L&#039;agroécologie consiste à pratiquer l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;agriculture &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en harmonie avec l&#039;environnement et la communauté&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nfu.ca/campaigns/agroecology/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La démocratie alimentaire fait référence à l&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;inclusion &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de la &lt;/ins&gt;participation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;publique et locale dans les projets de souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Un exemple de démocratie alimentaire est la façon dont les personnes agissant dans le mouvement utilisent des catégories &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;par exemple les peuples indigènes&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le milieu de la pêche&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les femmes&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et des &lt;/ins&gt;quotas &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pour assurer la diversité dans les &lt;/ins&gt;conversations &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et les débats&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Parce que la souveraineté alimentaire comprend aujourd&#039;hui un grand nombre d&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;intersections, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;elle mélange parfois les expériences pour unir les &lt;/ins&gt;forces. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Des questions spécifiques&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;telles que les questions liées au genre&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sont parfois oubliées dans le mouvement et la manière dont il est défini&lt;/ins&gt;.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fradejas, A., Borras, S. M., Holmes, T., Holt-Giménez Eric, &amp;amp;amp; Robbins, M. J. (2015). Food sovereignty: convergence and contradictions, conditions and challenges.&amp;amp;nbsp;Third World Quarterly,&amp;amp;nbsp;36(3), 431–448. From https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.ubishops.ca:2443/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1023567&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origin and current status ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Origin and current status ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the international agrarian movement called La Via Campesina (LVC). It emerged in reaction to the negative impacts of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty, hunger, displacement, and damage to the environment.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Global agriculture is shaped by “neoliberalism”. The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on industries (like agriculture), tax cuts, reduction of public spending and inclusion in the international system. A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer options over what is produced, how it produced.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the international agrarian movement called La Via Campesina (LVC). It emerged in reaction to the negative impacts of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty, hunger, displacement, and damage to the environment.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Global agriculture is shaped by “neoliberalism”. The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on industries (like agriculture), tax cuts, reduction of public spending and inclusion in the international system. A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer options over what is produced, how it produced.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7160&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki le 7 janvier 2024 à 02:07</title>
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		<updated>2024-01-07T02:07:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2024 à 02:07&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Ligne 1 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 1 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The following text comes from a summary of a literature review on food sovereignty by&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; Marie-Camille Théorêt&#039;&#039;&#039;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;You can read their full literature review &lt;/del&gt;[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;HERE&lt;/del&gt;].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le texte suivant est extrait d&#039;un résumé d&#039;une analyse documentaire sur la souveraineté alimentaire réalisée par &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Marie-Camille Théorêt&#039;&#039;&#039;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vous pouvez lire l&#039;intégralité de cette revue de littérature &lt;/ins&gt;[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ICI&lt;/ins&gt;].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;What is food sovereignty&lt;/del&gt;? ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Qu&#039;est-ce que la souveraineté alimentaire&lt;/ins&gt;? ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the 2007 Nyéléni Declaration produced by La Via Campesina. This definition focuses on the rights of farmers/consumers and local communities to determine their food systems and control the resources needed to produce (like land, water and seeds).  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Nyéléni Declaration was based on 6 pillars: valuing food providers; localizing food systems; making decisions locally; building knowledge and skills; working with nature. Then, Indigenous peoples added a seventh pillar, which is that food is sacred.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the 2007 Nyéléni Declaration produced by La Via Campesina. This definition focuses on the rights of farmers/consumers and local communities to determine their food systems and control the resources needed to produce (like land, water and seeds).  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Nyéléni Declaration was based on 6 pillars: valuing food providers; localizing food systems; making decisions locally; building knowledge and skills; working with nature. Then, Indigenous peoples added a seventh pillar, which is that food is sacred.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7159&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Mediawiki : Page créée avec « &#039;&#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&#039;&#039;  &lt;p&gt;The following text comes from a summary of a literature review on food sovereignty by&#039;&#039;&#039; Marie-Camille Théorêt&#039;&#039;&#039;. You can read their full literature review [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true HERE].&lt;/p&gt;   === What is food sovereignty? === &lt;p&gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the 2007 Nyéléni Declaration produced by La Via Ca... »</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fr.wiki.lehub.ca/index.php?title=Souverainet%C3%A9_alimentaire&amp;diff=7159&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-07T02:06:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Page créée avec « &amp;#039;&amp;#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The following text comes from a summary of a literature review on food sovereignty by&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Marie-Camille Théorêt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. You can read their full literature review [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true HERE].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;   === What is food sovereignty? === &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the 2007 Nyéléni Declaration produced by La Via Ca... »&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nouvelle page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;EN COURS DE TRADUCTION&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The following text comes from a summary of a literature review on food sovereignty by&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Marie-Camille Théorêt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. You can read their full literature review [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbgQOAXw4Hc6WBUTAQjMtXV3XMYory9r/edit?usp=sharing&amp;amp;ouid=104999225508815189487&amp;amp;rtpof=true&amp;amp;sd=true HERE].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=== What is food sovereignty? ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The basic accepted definition is found in the 2007 Nyéléni Declaration produced by La Via Campesina. This definition focuses on the rights of farmers/consumers and local communities to determine their food systems and control the resources needed to produce (like land, water and seeds).  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Nyéléni Declaration was based on 6 pillars: valuing food providers; localizing food systems; making decisions locally; building knowledge and skills; working with nature. Then, Indigenous peoples added a seventh pillar, which is that food is sacred.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Desmarais, A. A., Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Trauger, A. (Eds.). (2017).&amp;amp;nbsp;Public policies for food sovereignty : social movements and the state&amp;amp;nbsp;(Ser. Routledge studies in food, society and the environment). Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Within food sovereignty are the concepts of “agroecology” and “food democracy”. Agroecology means practicing agriculture in harmony with the environment and the community.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.nfu.ca/campaigns/agroecology/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Food democracy refers to the inclusion of public and local participation in food sovereignty projects. An example of food democracy is how actors of the movement use categories (e.g. Indigenous people, fishers, women) and quotas to ensure diversity in the conversations and debates.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, 2019.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Because food sovereignty now includes a high number of intersections, it sometimes mixes experiences together to join forces. Specific issues, such as issues related to gender, are sometimes forgotten in the movement and how it&amp;#039;s defined.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fradejas, A., Borras, S. M., Holmes, T., Holt-Giménez Eric, &amp;amp;amp; Robbins, M. J. (2015). Food sovereignty: convergence and contradictions, conditions and challenges.&amp;amp;nbsp;Third World Quarterly,&amp;amp;nbsp;36(3), 431–448. From https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.ubishops.ca:2443/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1023567&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=== Origin and current status ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Food sovereignty originated in the 1990s from the international agrarian movement called La Via Campesina (LVC). It emerged in reaction to the negative impacts of the global agricultural system such as rural poverty, hunger, displacement, and damage to the environment.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Claeys, P., &amp;amp;amp; Duncan, J. (2019). Food sovereignty and convergence spaces. Political Geography, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102045&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Global agriculture is shaped by “neoliberalism”. The economic system of neoliberalism refers to low governmental control on industries (like agriculture), tax cuts, reduction of public spending and inclusion in the international system. A consequence of this is that farmers and consumers have fewer options over what is produced, how it produced.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andrée Peter, Ayres, J. M. K., Bosia, M. J., &amp;amp;amp; Mássicotte Marie-Josée (Eds.). (2014). Globalization and food sovereignty : global and local change in the new politics of food (Ser. Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 42). University of Toronto Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Originally, food sovereignty was in opposition to national powers because of their alliance with the global food system. Yet, governments have a lot of control over agricultural regulations. So, their role in food sovereignty should be analyzed.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clark, P. (2016). Can the state foster food sovereignty? Insights from the case of Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 16(2).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Current agriculture under neoliberalism damages the environment and creates about 1/3 of global greenhouse emissions. It pushes for a monoculture-farming model that results in a loss of biodiversity. In other words, the current food system only centers around a few crops instead of using all of the food diversity on this planet. The negative impacts of the global food system tend to impact more directly countries hit the hardest by injustices and the climate crisis.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Climate False Solutions. (2021). Hoodwinked in the hothouse: Resist false solutions to climate change. https://moodle.ubishops.ca/pluginfile.php/285048/mod_resource/content/1/HOODWINKED_ThirdEdition_On-Screen_version.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Also, current agriculture adds to the already-existing exploitation. A lot of farm workers are working in difficult conditions, and the land they are using is tired. It is this mix of bad working conditions and abuse of lands that drives the food sovereignty movement.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Eliason, A. (2021, December 21). Building local food pathways: Fodd sovereignty and climate justice Law &amp;amp;amp; Political Economy. https://lpeproject.org/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Over the past centuries, Indigenous traditional food systems have been almost erased through government policies. An example of this is how the Canadian and American governments put in place projects to assimilate and disrupt their traditional ways of life.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On top of this, climate change impacts Indigenous food systems. The decline of sea ice in the Arctic and the change in plant and animal populations are part of these impacts. So, Indigenous communities believe in food sovereignty projects that have the goal of building stronger communities and are respectful of the environment. Food is seen as a social factor instead of only a source of money.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LaDuke, W. Hoover, E. (2019).&amp;amp;nbsp;Indigenous food sovereignty in the united states : restoring cultural knowledge, protecting environments, and regaining health. (D. A. Mihesuah &amp;amp;amp; E. Hoover, Eds.) (Ser. New directions in native american studies, volume 18). University of Oklahoma Press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Conclusion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mediawiki</name></author>
	</entry>
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